Storebrand stock holds steady as capital and fee income support returns
Published on 07/18/2026 at 06:35 | Editorial responsibility: Rafael MĂĽller, Editor-in-Chief AD HOC NEWS
Storebrand stock represents one of the major Nordic savings and insurance groups, and the Norwegian company Storebrand ASA (ISIN NO0003053605) continues to rely on capital-light businesses to support earnings and returns for shareholders. The group is listed on the Oslo Børs, where its equity story is closely tied to fee-based income from asset management and pension solutions as well as stable insurance cash flows and disciplined capital management. As a result, investors tend to watch Storebrand’s solvency position, capital generation and growth in assets under management at least as closely as its reported profit numbers.
Fee income and assets under management drive earnings
Storebrand’s strategy for several years has been to transition toward a more capital-light business mix, with a growing share of earnings coming from fees on savings and asset management rather than interest-spread income on guaranteed products. In practice, this means that the company increasingly earns revenues from managing pension assets, mutual funds and institutional mandates, as well as from risk premiums on insurance contracts. This transition supports a more predictable earnings profile and reduces sensitivity to interest-rate movements and capital requirements associated with traditional guaranteed life insurance.
The company’s savings business includes defined-contribution pension solutions, employee benefit schemes and retail investment products. These offerings usually generate recurring fee income based on assets under management. Over time, Storebrand has expanded its reach beyond Norway into Sweden and other Nordic markets, building a multi-market platform that can compound organic growth and corporate client acquisition. This geographic diversification lets the company benefit from different pension regimes, regulatory landscapes and product preferences, while still leveraging a scalable investment and administration infrastructure.
Alongside savings, Storebrand operates a substantial insurance business covering property and casualty risks, health insurance and related lines. Insurance operations add underwriting income and risk results to the overall earnings mix. For investors, this combination of fee-based income and underwriting profit can be attractive when it is backed by disciplined risk selection, adequate pricing and efficient claims management. In recent years, Storebrand has continued to work on refining underwriting standards, improving operational processes and digitizing customer interfaces in both insurance and pension administration, with the aim of enhancing margins and customer retention.
The capital-light orientation also means that Storebrand focuses on capital efficiency and active balance-sheet management. In practice, management seeks to maintain a robust solvency ratio under the Solvency II framework while still deploying capital into growth initiatives and returning excess capital to shareholders. This balance is central to the investment case: a strong solvency position supports resilience through market cycles, while capital-light growth in fee income and insurance profits offers the potential for increasing dividends and shareholder distributions over time.
Capital position and solvency metrics remain central
For a Nordic life insurance and savings group like Storebrand, capital metrics and solvency ratios are key indicators that investors track on a regular basis. Under the Solvency II regime, the company must hold sufficient regulatory capital against its insurance and investment risks. Storebrand’s capital management framework therefore emphasizes robust solvency coverage, disciplined risk appetites and a careful matching of assets and liabilities. In addition, the group manages its ALM (asset-liability management) to ensure that interest-rate and market risks remain within tolerance levels while still generating investment returns that contribute to profit.
The solvency ratio is typically reported on a quarterly basis, offering a snapshot of how much eligible own funds the company holds relative to its Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR). A ratio above 100 percent indicates that the firm holds more capital than the regulatory minimum, and insurers often target a buffer range above that threshold to absorb market volatility. Storebrand’s target buffer range is designed to support dividend stability and strategic flexibility, including the potential for growth investments or portfolio restructuring when opportunities arise.
Beyond regulatory solvency metrics, Storebrand also monitors internal capital measures such as economic capital and stress scenario outcomes. These internal assessments help management understand how the balance sheet would respond to severe market stress, including sudden equity market declines, interest-rate shocks or credit spread widening. The insights from these exercises feed into risk appetites, asset allocation decisions and product pricing strategies, reinforcing a prudent risk culture that is important for long-term investors.
Capital generation is another key concept in Storebrand’s investor communication. Capital generation refers to the ability of the company to generate excess capital through profitable operations, after accounting for risks, regulatory capital needs and dividend payments. For a group focusing on capital-light businesses, capital generation is often driven by fee income growth, stable insurance underwriting results and investment returns on surplus assets. Strong capital generation can increase the flexibility to fund organic growth, pursue bolt-on acquisitions or adjust shareholder distributions over time.
Storebrand’s investment portfolio is diversified across fixed income, equities and alternatives, all within carefully defined risk limits. The portfolio must support the promises made to policyholders, including pension obligations and insurance claims, while also contributing to shareholder returns. In recent years, the low interest-rate environment and shifting macroeconomic conditions have made portfolio management more complex, but also opened opportunities in credit, real assets and alternative investments. Storebrand’s asset management capabilities play a central role in navigating these challenges, especially for its institutional and pension clients.
Revenue, profit and margins across segments
Storebrand reports its financial performance across several segments, including savings, insurance and other units. Revenue in the savings segment is primarily comprised of fee income from assets under management in pension and investment products. Over time, growth in assets under management, driven by new clients, contributions and market appreciation, can lead to higher fee revenues. The insurance segment generates revenues from premiums written and booked, while claims costs, operating expenses and other items determine the underwriting result and insurance margin.
Operating profit or profit before tax is a central performance metric across segments. For the savings business, profit is shaped by fee income net of operating expenses and any relevant allocations. For insurance, profit reflects underwriting results, including claims ratios and combined ratios, plus investment income on the insurance float. Across the group, management seeks to improve operating leverage by growing revenues faster than costs, both through scale benefits and ongoing efficiency measures. These measures include digitalization efforts, process simplification and automation in customer service and back-office operations.
Margins in savings and insurance segments are often expressed in basis points or percentage terms. For savings, fee margins relative to assets under management determine how much revenue the company earns from total managed assets. Competitive pressures, regulatory limits and client pricing sensitivities all influence these margins. For insurance, combined ratios and claims ratios show how much of premium income is consumed by claims and expenses. A combined ratio below 100 percent signals an underwriting profit, while a ratio above 100 percent indicates underwriting loss, offset only by investment income if available. Storebrand’s long-term ambition is to maintain healthy margins in both savings and insurance, supported by risk-appropriate pricing and cost control.
Profitability metrics such as return on equity (ROE) and earnings per share (EPS) help investors assess how efficiently the company uses shareholders’ capital to generate earnings. A stable or rising ROE indicates effective capital deployment and operational performance, while EPS trends reflect both profit growth and any share count changes from buybacks or capital actions. Storebrand’s capital-light strategy aims to support attractive ROE by reducing capital intensity and focusing on scalable fee-based businesses where revenue can grow without a proportional increase in capital requirements.
In addition to reported financial metrics, Storebrand communicates non-financial indicators that support its business model, including customer satisfaction scores, digital adoption rates and sustainability measures. These indicators can influence long-term financial outcomes by affecting customer retention, brand strength and regulatory perceptions. For example, high customer satisfaction and strong digital engagement can lower acquisition and service costs, while robust sustainability performance may attract institutional investors and corporate clients with ESG mandates.
Guidance, dividends and shareholder returns
Storebrand’s approach to shareholder returns includes both dividend distributions and potential share buybacks, depending on capital levels and strategic priorities. The board usually sets a dividend policy that balances capital strength with cash returns to shareholders. In practice, this means that dividends are calibrated to sustainable earnings and capital generation, with management preferring to avoid abrupt changes in pay-out ratios unless capital or regulatory circumstances require adjustments. Over several years, Storebrand has positioned its dividend as an important component of the total return for investors, particularly in a low interest-rate environment where yield-oriented investors value stable distributions.
Guidance regarding earnings, capital and strategic initiatives is typically communicated in quarterly presentations and investor-relations materials. Management may outline medium-term targets for profit growth, ROE, capital-light business share and solvency buffer ranges. Such guidance helps investors form expectations about future performance and capital allocation choices. Storebrand’s track record in meeting or adjusting these targets contributes to its credibility with the market, which in turn can influence how the stock trades relative to peers.
Shareholder returns also depend on how the market values Storebrand’s earnings and assets. Valuation metrics such as price-to-earnings (P/E), price-to-book (P/B) and dividend yield are commonly used to compare the stock with Nordic and European insurance and asset management peers. A relatively low valuation multiple can reflect perceived risks or lower growth expectations, while a higher multiple may indicate strong confidence in the company’s earnings quality and growth prospects. For Storebrand, the positioning as a capital-light, savings-led group may support valuation if investors see the earnings stream as predictable and less exposed to traditional life insurance guarantee risks.
Beyond dividends, Storebrand may also consider share buybacks when capital levels and valuation conditions make them attractive. Buybacks can be a flexible tool to return capital to shareholders while signalling management’s confidence in the intrinsic value of the company. However, any buyback program must be carefully weighed against regulatory capital requirements, growth opportunities and the need to maintain a robust solvency buffer. For investors, the interplay between dividends, buybacks and growth investments is a central part of the Storebrand equity story.
Storebrand’s investor relations communications emphasize transparency around these capital allocation choices. The company publishes detailed quarterly reports and presentations that provide insights into segment performance, capital position, risk exposures and strategic initiatives. These materials allow investors to track progress against stated targets and evaluate how effectively management is executing the capital-light strategy and balancing growth with shareholder returns.
Savings solutions and asset management
Storebrand’s core product offering is built around savings solutions, pensions and asset management services. In the Nordic region, the company is a major provider of occupational pensions, including defined-contribution schemes that are increasingly dominant across many markets. These pension products typically involve employer contributions on behalf of employees, which are then invested through Storebrand’s platforms. The company charges fees for administration, investment management and related services, with fee levels depending on product type, mandate size and service complexity.
In addition to occupational pensions, Storebrand offers individual savings products such as mutual funds, life insurance savings contracts and retirement-focused investment accounts. These products extend the company’s reach into retail customer segments, complementing its institutional and corporate client base. Asset management capabilities are therefore central to the business model, and Storebrand has built investment teams that cover equities, fixed income, real assets and multi-asset strategies. Product innovation in areas like sustainable investment strategies also plays a role in attracting and retaining clients.
Storebrand has been an active proponent of responsible and sustainable investment, integrating environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria into many of its investment products and processes. This focus resonates with Nordic clients, including pension funds and corporate schemes, that have explicit sustainability goals. By aligning its investment offerings with ESG considerations, Storebrand seeks to meet client demand while contributing to broader societal goals related to climate, social inclusion and governance standards. Over time, this sustainability profile can strengthen the brand and support asset gathering.
Digital channels are increasingly important in how Storebrand delivers savings solutions and customer service. The company invests in digital platforms that allow employers, employees and retail clients to view and manage their savings, adjust investment choices and access information. For corporate clients, seamless integration with HR systems and easy administration tools can be a differentiator in choosing a pension provider. For individual customers, user-friendly apps and online portals reduce friction and improve engagement with long-term savings plans.
Competition in Nordic savings and asset management markets is intense, with banks, independent asset managers and international players all vying for client assets. Storebrand’s advantage lies in its long-standing presence, reputation, scale and integrated capabilities across savings, pensions and insurance. The group’s ability to bundle products, cross-sell services and provide comprehensive solutions for employers and institutions can help defend market share. However, maintaining competitive fees, product innovation and high service quality remains crucial to sustaining growth in assets under management.
Insurance operations and risk management
Storebrand’s insurance business spans various lines, including property and casualty, health insurance and risk coverage linked to pension products. The insurance operations complement the savings and asset management businesses by adding risk protection and underwriting profit potential. Insurance underwriting involves careful assessment of risks, pricing premiums to reflect expected claims costs and expenses, and managing claims processes efficiently. For investors, the quality of risk selection and claims management is central to the sustainability of insurance margins.
Risk management is a core discipline throughout Storebrand’s operations. The company employs risk officers and frameworks that cover credit, market, insurance and operational risks. In insurance, risk management includes setting underwriting guidelines, monitoring risk exposures, and adjusting pricing and policy terms in response to changing risk conditions. In savings and asset management, risk management ensures that investment portfolios remain within approved risk limits and that products are aligned with clients’ risk profiles and regulatory requirements.
Storebrand must also adapt to evolving regulatory requirements in insurance, pensions and asset management. Regulatory changes can affect product structures, capital requirements, reporting obligations and market conduct rules. The company’s ability to navigate these changes, implement new rules smoothly and maintain compliance influences its operational stability and reputation. Nordic regulators generally set high standards for financial institutions, and Storebrand’s long-term presence in these markets suggests a robust compliance culture.
Claims handling and customer service are key operational functions in the insurance business. Effective claims processes not only reduce costs but also influence customer satisfaction and retention. Storebrand aims to provide responsive claims handling with clear communication and fair treatment, supported by digital tools that streamline paperwork and data flows. In health and disability-related insurance, cooperation with healthcare providers and rehabilitation services can also help manage costs and outcomes.
Within the broader risk-management framework, Storebrand monitors concentration risks in its insurance portfolio, such as exposure to specific industries, geographies or large single risks. Diversifying across lines of business and client segments helps mitigate these risks. In addition, reinsurance plays a role in managing tail risks and smoothing claims volatility. Through reinsurance arrangements, Storebrand can transfer portions of catastrophic or large risks to reinsurers, thereby protecting its capital and earnings.
Storebrand stock on the Oslo Børs
Storebrand stock is listed on the Oslo Børs, the main securities exchange in Norway, and trades under the Storebrand ASA ticker. The listing gives investors access to a liquid market for the shares, with daily trading volumes reflecting interest from domestic and international investors. Oslo Børs provides a framework for transparent price formation, regulatory oversight and corporate disclosure, and Storebrand’s presence on this exchange situates it among other Nordic financial and industrial companies.
For many investors, Storebrand stock is part of a broader allocation to Nordic financials, including peers in banking, insurance and asset management. Sector dynamics, interest-rate expectations and regulatory developments across the region can influence how the market values Storebrand relative to those peers. In addition, global factors such as risk sentiment, equity market trends and macroeconomic data also affect the share price, as international investors adjust positions in line with their view of Nordic markets and financial institutions.
Technical analysis and chart-based approaches are often applied to Storebrand stock as well. Analysts may look at support and resistance levels, moving averages and volume patterns to generate insights into potential price dynamics. While fundamental analysis based on earnings, capital and strategy remains the primary lens for long-term investors, technical signals can influence short-term trading. Storebrand’s liquidity and market presence on the Oslo Børs make it suitable for both fundamental and technical approaches.
Index inclusion can also influence demand for Storebrand stock. If the shares are part of major Norwegian or Nordic equity indices, index-tracking funds and ETFs will hold the stock in line with index weights. Changes in index composition, rebalancing events or shifts in index methodology can therefore affect trading volumes and ownership patterns. For investors, understanding these technical and structural drivers helps complement the fundamental assessment of the company.
Overall, Storebrand stock offers exposure to a diversified Nordic savings and insurance business with a growing emphasis on capital-light, fee-based income and a disciplined approach to capital and risk. Investors evaluating the stock typically consider the balance between dividend yield, growth prospects in savings and asset management, and resilience of insurance underwriting results. The company’s ability to maintain a strong solvency position while delivering sustainable earnings and shareholder returns is central to its long-term investment appeal.
Pension products and customer reach
Storebrand’s pension products are central to its client relationships and revenue generation. In many Nordic markets, occupational pensions are mandatory or strongly encouraged, leading to large flows of contributions into pension schemes. Storebrand positions itself as a partner for employers seeking comprehensive pension solutions that include administration, investment management and communication with employees. These solutions must comply with local regulations regarding contributions, vesting, retirement ages and benefit structures.
For employees, pension products often represent a significant part of their long-term financial security. Storebrand provides tools and guidance to help individuals understand their pension rights, projected retirement income and investment options. Educational initiatives, online calculators and advisory services form part of the company’s value proposition. Such support can improve customer engagement and reduce the risk of misunderstandings regarding pension entitlements and the importance of long-term savings.
Retail customers may choose Storebrand’s investment products for additional savings beyond occupational pensions. Mutual funds and savings contracts tailored to various risk profiles enable customers to build diversified portfolios aligned with their time horizon and risk tolerance. Storebrand’s brand recognition and track record in pension markets lend credibility to its retail offerings, potentially enhancing cross-selling opportunities between occupational and individual savings products.
The company’s customer base includes corporate clients, public institutions and private individuals, all with different needs and expectations. Corporate clients often demand customized solutions, including specific reporting formats, ESG criteria and support for employee communications. Public institutions may face unique regulatory constraints and governance requirements, while retail customers prioritize clarity, convenience and trust. Storebrand’s multi-segment approach therefore requires flexible service models and product design.
Customer retention is crucial in the pension and savings business, given the long-term nature of contracts and the importance of continuity in retirement planning. Storebrand works to strengthen customer relationships through consistent service quality, competitive product features and ongoing engagement. Digital capabilities play an increasing role in maintaining these relationships, as many customers expect to manage their savings and access information through mobile and web platforms rather than traditional paper-based communication.
Technology, data and digitalization
Storebrand invests in technology and digitalization as a means to improve efficiency, enhance customer experience and support growth. Modern IT systems are necessary to handle complex pension calculations, policy administration, claims processing and investment reporting. The company’s digital strategy involves upgrading legacy systems, integrating new platforms and leveraging data analytics to gain insights into customer behavior, risk patterns and operational performance.
Data analytics can help Storebrand understand customer preferences, identify trends in savings behavior and segment clients for targeted communication. In insurance, analytics support risk modeling, pricing and claims management by revealing patterns in claims frequency and severity. For asset management, data on market movements, factor exposures and portfolio performance feed into investment decisions and risk oversight. Using analytics effectively can improve decision-making and support competitive differentiation.
Cybersecurity is an important aspect of digitalization, especially for a company handling sensitive financial and personal data. Storebrand must protect customer information, pension records and financial transactions against cyber threats. Robust security measures, including encryption, access controls and monitoring systems, are essential. Regulatory requirements and best practices in data protection also shape the company’s cybersecurity posture, as authorities insist on high standards for financial institutions.
Process automation through technologies such as robotic process automation (RPA) and workflow tools can reduce manual work and errors in administrative tasks. Storebrand applies automation to routine processes like policy issuance, data entry and reporting, freeing staff to focus on higher-value activities. Over time, automation can lower costs and boost scalability, supporting the capital-light strategy by enabling growth without a proportional increase in operating expenses.
Digital channels also support marketing and distribution. Storebrand can reach potential clients through online campaigns, social media and digital partnerships, complementing traditional distribution through intermediaries and corporate relationships. The company’s digital presence must be consistent and trustworthy, reflecting its brand and values while complying with regulatory marketing standards in financial services. As customers increasingly rely on digital tools for financial decisions, Storebrand’s ability to engage effectively in these channels is a competitive factor.
Sustainability and ESG integration
Sustainability is a core part of Storebrand’s identity and strategy. The company integrates environmental, social and governance considerations into its investment processes and product design, reflecting both client demand and regulatory trends. ESG integration involves assessing companies and assets for their sustainability performance, including carbon emissions, labor practices, governance structures and other factors, and incorporating this analysis into portfolio construction and risk management.
Storebrand offers sustainable investment products that explicitly focus on ESG criteria, such as funds that avoid certain industries or prioritize companies with strong sustainability records. These products can appeal to institutional investors like pension funds, foundations and insurance companies that have ESG mandates, as well as retail investors who seek to align their investments with their values. Over time, ESG products can become mainstream components of client portfolios, further integrating sustainability into the company’s core asset management activities.
The company’s own operations also reflect sustainability commitments, including efforts to reduce its environmental footprint, promote diversity and inclusion, and uphold strong governance standards. For example, Storebrand may set targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from its operations, increasing the share of renewable energy in its energy mix, or improving gender balance in leadership positions. Transparent reporting on progress toward these targets helps build credibility and accountability.
Regulators and policymakers in the Nordic countries and the European Union increasingly require financial institutions to disclose sustainability-related information and consider ESG risks in their activities. Storebrand must comply with regulations such as the EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) and taxonomy requirements that classify sustainable economic activities. Compliance with these rules not only ensures legal adherence but also shapes how products are presented and how investment strategies are described to clients.
Incorporating sustainability into risk management and strategic planning can also help Storebrand anticipate long-term trends that may affect its business. Climate change, demographic shifts and social developments all influence pension systems, insurance risks and investment opportunities. By taking a proactive approach to these issues, Storebrand positions itself as a forward-looking institution capable of adapting to structural changes in society and markets.
Competitive landscape and market trends
Storebrand operates in a competitive landscape shared with Nordic banks, insurance companies and asset managers. Competitors offer similar products in pensions, insurance and savings, and clients may switch providers based on price, service quality, product features or perceived stability. Storebrand’s strengths include its long history, brand recognition, integrated product suite and expertise in Nordic pension systems. At the same time, the company faces ongoing pressure to innovate and keep costs under control.
Market trends such as demographic aging and increasing longevity have important implications for Storebrand. Longer life expectancy means that pension schemes must support longer retirement periods, which in turn influences contribution levels, investment strategies and product design. Storebrand must model these demographic trends carefully to ensure that pension products remain sustainable and that clients can achieve adequate retirement income.
Interest-rate trends also affect Storebrand’s business. Low or negative interest rates, which have been a feature of Nordic and European markets in recent years, complicate investment returns on fixed income assets and the pricing of guaranteed insurance products. The shift toward capital-light, fee-based businesses helps mitigate some of these challenges by reducing reliance on interest spreads. However, the broader macro environment still influences asset valuations, client behavior and the attractiveness of different product types.
Technological innovation in financial services brings new competitors and business models. Fintech firms, robo-advisors and digital-only platforms may offer savings and investment products that compete with traditional providers like Storebrand. To remain competitive, Storebrand needs to adapt its offerings and digital channels to meet changing customer expectations while leveraging its strengths in scale, trust and regulatory expertise.
Regulatory developments in pensions, insurance and asset management can create both challenges and opportunities. Reforms that encourage private savings or expand occupational pension coverage can increase demand for Storebrand’s products. Conversely, tighter capital or conduct rules may impose costs and limit certain business activities. Storebrand’s ability to engage with regulators and industry bodies, and to anticipate regulatory changes, is an important strategic capability.
Storebrand stock and investor perspective
From an investor’s perspective, Storebrand stock offers exposure to a combination of savings, asset management and insurance businesses in a stable Nordic context. The company’s capital-light strategy, focus on fee-based income and commitment to robust solvency create an investment profile that may be attractive to long-term shareholders seeking resilient earnings and dividend income. The stock’s performance over time will depend on Storebrand’s success in growing assets under management, maintaining healthy insurance margins and managing capital efficiently.
Portfolio managers may consider Storebrand as part of a financials allocation within Nordic or European equity portfolios. In such portfolios, the stock’s contribution to risk and return will be evaluated alongside banks, other insurers and asset managers. Key considerations include earnings volatility, sensitivity to macroeconomic factors, regulatory risk and valuation metrics. Storebrand’s emphasis on sustainability and ESG may also be relevant for investors with responsible investment mandates.
Individual investors may view Storebrand stock as a way to participate in the long-term growth of pension and savings markets, as well as in insurance demand linked to demographic and economic trends. Understanding the company’s business model, capital position and product offerings can help these investors interpret financial reports and market news. Storebrand’s investor relations materials, presentations and disclosures provide detailed information that supports such analysis.
Over the long run, Storebrand’s ability to deliver consistent earnings, maintain a strong solvency ratio and adapt to structural changes in society and markets will shape its appeal to investors. The company’s focus on capital-light businesses, digitalization, sustainability and customer-centric product design reflects broader trends in financial services and positions it to navigate evolving competitive and regulatory landscapes. Storebrand stock thus encapsulates both the opportunities and challenges of being a leading Nordic savings and insurance provider in a changing world.
Storebrand product focus
A representative product area for Storebrand is occupational pension solutions, which form the backbone of many corporate client relationships. These solutions integrate contributions, investment management and communication to employees, providing a comprehensive retirement savings framework. Employers benefit from a turnkey offering that meets regulatory requirements and supports their role in securing employees’ financial futures, while employees gain access to professionally managed investment options and clear information about their pension entitlements.
Storebrand stock closing view
Storebrand stock remains closely linked to the company’s performance in savings, insurance and asset management, as well as to its capital position and dividend policy on the Oslo Børs. For investors, the share offers exposure to a diversified Nordic financial group whose long-term value creation hinges on disciplined risk management, capital-light growth and sustained customer trust across its pension, savings and insurance businesses.
Storebrand ASA key data
- Company: Storebrand ASA
- ISIN: NO0003053605
- Ticker: OSLO: STB
- Trading venue: Oslo Børs
- Sector / Industry: Financials / Insurance and Asset Management
- Index membership: Norwegian equity indices
Disclaimer regarding our articles: No investment advice, no buy or sell recommendation. Information on prices, companies, and markets is provided without guarantee; changes are possible at any time. Stock market transactions can lead to substantial losses. Our articles are created and reviewed in whole or in part automatically with the support of AI.
